Hole-blocking crystalline-silicon/titanium-oxide heterojunction with very low interface recombination velocity

Annealing band alignment crystalline-silicon heterojunction electrical quality elemental semiconductors heterojunction Heterojunctions heterojunction solar cells hole-blocking heterojunction interface recombination velocity MOCVD modified MOCVD process Photovoltaic cells power conversion efficiencies semiconductor heterojunctions silicon Si-TiO2 size 1 nm to 4 nm Solar cells Spectroscopy surface recombination surface spectroscopy Surface treatment temperature 100 C Titanium titanium compounds titanium-oxide heterojunction