Fundamental limits of accuracy and precision in single molecule biosensors

Physical limit of molecular sensing has been extensively studied in biological systems. Biosensors are engineered equivalents of molecular sensors in living systems and play critical role in disease diagnosis and management. Investigation into the physical limits of biosensors could have major beneficial impact on early disease diagnosis. Here, we present an extension of the classical works on molecular sensing limits of living systems to the realm of biosensors. Two approaches are proposed to estimate concentration with noisy biosensors. We find a trade-off between precision and accuracy.